Expression of WW domain containing oxidoreductase gene in cholangiocarcinoma and its effect on the biological behavior of cancer cell line RBE / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of anti-oncogene WWOX on cell growth of cholangiocarcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of WWOX protein was detected with immunohistochemical method-SP in 54 patients with cholangiocarcinoma from July 2005 to May 2010 and 12 samples of normal bile duct tissues. The recombinant WWOX eukaryotic expression plasmid was introduced into RBE cells by liposome-mediated transfection and positive cell clones were selected and amplified. The mRNA and protein expressions in RBE cells stably transfected with WWOX were investigated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot before and after transfection. Cell proliferation was tested by MTT, cell apoptosis was assessed by FCM, the alteration of mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) was detected by JC-1 staining method, cell invasion was determined by Transwell chamber assay. The expression change of bcl-2, bax, FasL, caspase-3 mRNA and protein was detected by quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of WWOX protein was significantly lower in cholangiocarcinoma than that in normal bile duct tissues and loss of WWOX protein expression was found in 40.7% of cholangiocarcinoma specimens (P < 0.05). RBE cells with stable transfection of WWOX were established. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression of WWOX mRNA was significantly enhanced and Western Blot demonstrated that WWOX protein expression was markedly increased. MTT showed that WWOX gene transfection significantly decreased the proliferation of RBE cells (P < 0.05). FCM analysis showed that the apoptosis rate after transfection was significantly promoted [(1.1 ± 0.6)% vs. (1.7 ± 0.5)% vs. (35.2 ± 4.4)%, P < 0.01], JC-1 staining method indicated that the experimental group was loss of ΔΨm [(12.6 ± 1.9)% vs. (13.6 ± 1.8)% vs. (48.7 ± 2.9)%, P < 0.01], transwell chamber assay showed that the number of transfected cells that passed the transwell membrane was significantly less than those of control groups (77 ± 6 vs. 72 ± 8 vs. 48 ± 6, P < 0.01). Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and protein was markedly decreased and the expression of bax, caspase-3 were significantly increased. There was no significant change in the expression of FasL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>WWOX exerts its antitumor effect against proliferation through inducing cell apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma.</p>

Health care and disease prevention in Jiujing Tu (Illustration of moxibustion) of the Dunhuang caves / 中国针灸

Figure four of the Jiujing Tu (Illustration of Moxibustion) of the Dunhuang Caves is the earliest and the most complete recording of treatment for five kinds of strain and seven kinds of impairments in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion. Figure 12 is held as a mystery since it only provided illustrations without indications. Through analysis and approved by clinical experiences, it is held that the two figures are companion illustrations on prevention and treatment of five kinds of strain and seven kinds of impairments as well as health keeping with moxibustion. The point prescriptions in these two figures are defined according to the tri-gram in Yijing (The Book of Change), which allowed the maximization of harmony between the human and the nature. Recovery and health are thus fulfilled through regulation on points at the head, trunk and four extremities of the body. And it is considered to have great significance for promoting the development of the present acupuncture and moxibustion theory since it is effective in both preventing and curing diseases caused by deficient and stagnation conditions such as the wei (flaccidity) syndrome, bi (arthralgia) syndrome, paralysis, dementia, asthma and so on.

Expression of TFPI-2 gene in pancreatic carcinoma and its prognostic significance / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of TFPI-2 gene in pancreatic carcinoma, and to evaluate its prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of TFPI-2 mRNA and protein in the pancreatic carcinoma tissue samples from 41 patients. The correlation of its expression with clinicopathological features and its prognostic significance were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TFPI-2 mRNA and protein in moderately or poorly differentiated pancreatic carcinoma tissues, or in cases with nerve-involvement, lymph node and blood vessel invasion was significantly lower than that in the highly differentiated one, or without nerve involvement, or neither lymphatic nor blood vessel invasion (P < 0.05). The median survival time of patients with high expression of TFPI-2 (12.0 months) was significantly longer than that with low expression of TFPI-2 (5.1 months, P < 0.05). The Cox model analysis showed that the expression of TFPI-2 was an independent marker for prognosis in patients with pancreatic carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of TFPI-2 is correlated with clinical stage and differentiation of pancreatic carcinoma, and can be used as a prognostic marker for pancreatic carcinoma.</p>

Myocardial perfusion imaging with (99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)(+) in canine model of acute myocardial ischemia / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>(99m)Tc-[bis (dimethoxypropylphosphinoethyl)-ethoxyethylamine (PNP5)]-[bis (N-ethoxyethyl)-dithiocarbamate (DBODC)] nitride ([(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+)) is a new myocardial perfusion tracer with high heart uptake and rapid liver clearance. The objectives of this study were to compare the myocardial imaging of [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) with (99m)Tc-MIBI in a canine model of acute myocardial ischemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded in 12 adult beagle dogs, adenosine was then infused intravenously at a rate of 0.14 mg.kg(-1).min(-1) for 6 min. At the end of 3 min of adenosine infusion, 185 MBq of [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) or (99m)Tc-MIBI was injected intravenously. The occluder was released after 6 min adenosine infusion. Serial myocardial SPECT imaging acquisitions were obtained at 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h after tracer injection, respectively. Rest myocardial SPECT imaging was acquired in the next day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Similar as (99m)Tc-MIBI, [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) exhibited high heart uptake, minimal lung uptake and minimal redistribution. No significant myocardial washout was observed with both tracers over a period of 2 hours. [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) clearance from the liver was more rapid than that with (99m)Tc-MIBI (heart-liver radio at 60 min, 1.36 +/- 0.43 vs. 0.58 +/- 0.21, P = 0.005). [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) the ability to detect myocardial ischemia was also comparable between the two tracers ([(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) detected 3.60 +/- 1.52 defect segments, (99m)Tc-MIBI detected 4.25 +/- 0.96 defect segments, P = 0.48). The image quality of [(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) was better than (99m)Tc-MIBI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>[(99m)Tc (N) (PNP5) (DBODC)](+) is comparable to (99m)Tc-MIBI on detecting myocardial ischemia in this model and liver clearance is more rapid and the image quality is better than (99m)Tc-MIBI.</p>

Diagnostic value of 99mTc-N-NOET myocardial perfusion imaging during exercise for coronary artery disease / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of (99m)Tc-N-NOET ((99m)Tc-N-ethoxy-N-ethyl dithiocarbamato-nitrito) myocardial perfusion SPECT for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 42 patients [mean age (54 +/- 9) years, 35 men] with suspected chest pain were included in this study. 740 MBq of (99m)Tc-N-NOET was injected intravenously during bicycle exercise when the heart rate attained reached more than 85% of the expected maximum, or in cases of angina pectoris, severe arrhythmias and ischemic ST segment changes. (99m)Tc-N-NOET 740 MBq, SPECT myocardial imaging acquisitions were obtained at 15 minutes and 2 hours after (99m)Tc-N-NOET injection. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Coronary artery stenosis was detected in 26 patients and normal coronary angiography was shown in 16 patients. (99m)Tc-N-NOET myocardial perfusion imaging was abnormal in twenty-one patients out of the 26 patients with significant coronary artery stenosis (sensitivity, 81%); 14 out of 16 patients with normal angiography had a normal myocardial perfusion imaging (specificity, 88%). The positive predictive value, negative predictive value and predictive accuracy of (99m)Tc-N-NOET myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of CAD was 91%, 74% and 83%, respectively. The sensitivity of the imaging for detecting single vessel, double vessels and triple vessels disease were 60% (6/10), 86% (6/7) and 100% (9/9), respectively. There was mild (99m)Tc-N-NOET lung uptake in patients with coronary artery stenosis 15 minutes post (99m)Tc-N-NOET injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging with (99m)Tc-N-NOET supplied an important diagnostic tool for detecting coronary artery disease. Lung uptake with stress (99m)Tc-N-NOET might be related to coronary artery disease.</p>

Safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry of myocardial imaging agent 99Tc(m)N-NOET in healthy volunteers / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry of myocardial perfusion imaging agent 99Tc(m)N-NOET in 10 healthy volunteers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>744-792 MBq of 99Tc(m)N-NOET was injected to each volunteer. Safety parameters and adverse event was measured in 24 hours of injection. Biodistribution was studied by whole-body imaging 1, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the injection of 99Tc(m)N-NOET. The estimation of dosimetry was based on the standard medical internal radiation dose method using MIRDOSE 3.0 analysis program. Myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging was performed at 1 and 4 hours after injection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No undesirable effects were reported by the subject during 24 hours after injection of 99Tc(m)N-NOET. No clinically significant changes were found in vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram). No biochemical aspects and serology changes were measured. The myocardial SPECT imaging was clear. Cardiac uptake of 99Tc(m)N-NOET was as high as 2.68% at 2 hours after injection. The heart to lung ratio was more than 1 from 30 minutes after injection, reaching a maximum of 1.91 +/- 0.53 at 2 hours after injection. Radiation dosimetry calculations indicated an effective absorbed dose of 1.28 x 10(-5) Sv/MBq. The dosimetry in each main organ is lower then 50 mGy given 740 MBq of 99Tc(m)N-NOET in once imaging.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>99Tc(m)N-NOET exhibits high cardiac uptake and low estimated effective absorbed dose. It's a safe myocardial perfusion imaging agent.</p>